European colonizers brought with them diseases that were new to the Americas, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza. Native Americans had no immunity to these diseases, and they spread rapidly, causing widespread death. It is estimated that diseases were responsible for the death of up to 90% of the Indigenous population in some areas.
Violence and warfare
Colonizers often resorted to violence and warfare to displace Native Americans from their lands. Conflicts arose over land ownership, resources, and cultural differences, resulting in significant loss of life.
Forced removal and displacement
The United States government implemented policies of forced removal, such as the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which led to the displacement of many Native American tribes from their ancestral lands. The Trail of Tears, for example, resulted in the death of thousands of Cherokee people during their forced relocation.
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